Learn how to express sequential actions in Chinese using 先…(然后)再 patterns for future plans, suggestions, and conditional sequences
1 Basic Sequential Pattern: 先…(然后)再
In Chinese, (然后)再 is used to emphasize that two actions take place in sequential order. When 再 means “then”, it typically describes intended future actions, suggestions, or requests about plans. Importantly, 再 always expresses future actions.
Sequential Action Flow
Complete Sentence: 这次旅行，我打算先去成都，再去西藏。
(For this trip, I plan to first go to Chengdu, then go to Tibet.)
Important: 再 Always Expresses Future Actions
Unlike sequence words that can describe past events, 再 always refers to future actions. It’s used for:
The Function of 先 (xiān)
先 (xiān) means “first” or “beforehand”. It marks the action that comes first in a sequence.
Key point: 先 establishes the first step in the sequence. Without 先, 再 cannot indicate sequence.
The Function of 再 (zài)
再 (zài) means “then” or “afterward”. It indicates an action that follows another in sequence.
Key point: 再 always refers to future actions. It cannot describe past sequences.
The Role of 然后 (ránhòu)
Usage: Optional but common for clarity
2 Sequential Order Examples
The 先…(然后)再 pattern is commonly used for expressing plans, giving suggestions, or making requests about future actions. The structure emphasizes the order in which actions should occur.
Example Sentences
打算 (dǎsuàn)
I plan to first study, then play games.
最好 (zuì hǎo)
You’d better first wash your hands, then eat.
应该 (yīnggāi)
Should first read the question, then write the answer.
想 (xiǎng)
I want to first shower, then sleep.
Basic Pattern Analysis
Key point: The basic pattern establishes a clear “first A, then B” sequence for future actions, plans, or suggestions.
等…再… Pattern
Key point: 等…再… means “wait until…, then…”. The action only happens AFTER the condition is satisfied.
先…等…再… Pattern
Key point: This three-part pattern shows: 1) Do first action, 2) Wait for condition, 3) Then do second action.
Future Actions Only
再 always refers to future actions. Compare with other sequence words:
Memory Tip: 再 = “will then” (future), 就 = “then” (past/future), 才 = “only then” (emphasis on delay)
3 等…再… Pattern
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4 Three-Part Pattern: 先…等…再…
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Practice Exercises
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